The Northern Kenya region is facing rapid and profound transformations within society and the environment. The livelihoods of pastoralists and smallholder farmers are impacted by more frequent droughts, changing seasonal rainfall patterns, the spread of invasive species and the ongoing degradation of biodiversity, soil, and water resources. This is coupled with the effect of an increasing population, including immigration from other parts of Kenya because of potential job options offered by investments led by the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor Project (LAPSSET). This, in turn increases the pressure on land and natural resources, leading to competition and conflict. The space for wildlife and pastoralists to breed, graze and migrate through the landscape is diminishing. Livelihoods and the wellbeing of communities are under threat. Conflicts are on the rise, not least over how to govern “common pool resources.” And the capacity of nature to deliver vital ecosystem services is being compromised.