In the PNBS has been reported the presence of more than 600 species of birds -378 of them in the Heath River sector- among which 7 species of macaws, the pink spatula (Ajaia ajaja), the condor of the jungle (Sarcoramphus) papa) and the harpy eagle (Harpya harpyja). In turn, it is estimated that more than 180 species of mammals inhabit its interior, among which stand out the mountain dogs (Speothos venaticus), (Cerdocyon thous) and (Atelocynus microtis), the giant otter or river wolf (Pteronura brasiliensis), the swamp deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) and the unique maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus); these last two, emblematic species of the pampas of the Heath that do not exist anywhere else in the country.

There are also species such as the anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), the giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), the black maquisapa (Ateles paniscus) and the jaguar (Panthera onca). Among the reptiles and amphibians, the presence of more than 50 species has been determined, including the black alligator (Melanosuchus niger), the anaconda (Eunectes marinus) and the taricaya (Podocnemis unifilis); There are also 5 endemic species of frogs. The presence of 180 species of fish and 1,200 species of butterflies has also been reported.

The PNBS protects the only portion of humid tropical savanna that Peru has, where palm trees abound like the aguaje (Mauritia flexuosa), forming islands on the dozens of grass species that grow in the floodplains that are the refuge of highly specialized fauna. In the area of ​​the Candamo river basin you can find palm trees, rubber (Hevea guianensis) and screw (Cedrelinga cateniformis).

In the highest part is dwarf forests composed of shrubs and small trees. The high diversity of plant communities in all sectors of the PNBS also includes several economically important forest species such as cedar (Cedrela odorata), mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), chestnut (Bertholletia excelsa) and various palm trees such as pona (Iriartea). deltoides), the huasaí (Euterpe sp.) and the ungurahui (Oenocarpus bataua).