The community of iZingcuka is the second primary stakeholder, as the most proximate local community, with an estimated population of 700 people. While there is a well-attended primary school in the village, the secondary school no longer functions, with high school learners needing to attend school in larger nearby towns, such as Keiskammahoek and Alice. Employment opportunities in iZingcuka itself are extremely limited, with social grants and remittance likely comprising key sources of income. Hence, while the village is well-connected by gravel road to Keiskammahoek to the east and Hogsback, and Alice to the west, livelihood strategies are largely underpinned by a rural economy with natural resources comprising a key component. In particular, Black Wattle is harvested both by local community members for subsistence use, as well as by external harvesters who come to the area to harvest large trees for the pulp industry. Local leadership is responsible for allocating areas of wattle to be harvested by these external harvesters, and as such, have good knowledge of areas previously affected by harvesting and hence in need of restoration, as well as the power to ensure that restored areas are not allocated for future Wattle harvesting. Engagement with these community leaders at the early stages of planning this project has thus been essential.