The Pangani Basin is an ecosystem essential to over 5.57 million people (as of the 2023 census). The basin, known for its varied topography and high biodiversity, including elephants, diverse birdlife, and several endemic fauna and flora species, faces huge environmental pressure due to deforestation and water scarcity. The Pangani Basin encompasses a diverse and ecologically significant ecosystem located in the north eastern part of Tanzania. This ecosystem consists of various interconnected natural landscapes, including coastal areas, rivers, wetlands, forests, and savannahs. The Pangani River Basin is a vital component of this ecosystem and plays a central role in regulating the flow of water and supporting the diverse life forms found within the region. The Pangani River originates in the upper Pangani Basin. The upper Pangani Basin is crucial for water security for the entire Pangani Basin.